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The system is partially filled with washed gravel, stone or a gravelless product. The absorption (leach) field is a system of trenches and distribution pipes where wastewater is biologically treated by the surrounding soil.Trenches receive partially treated sewage.It is important that each trench receives an equal amount of flow to prevent overloading to one part of the absorption field. The distribution box evenly distributes wastewater from the septic tank to pipes in the trenches of the absorption field.This process allows the partially treated wastewater to be released to the absorption field. The lighter solids, fats and grease, partially decompose and rise to the surface to form a layer of scum. The heavy solids settle to the bottom of the tank where they are broken down by bacteria to form sludge. The septic tank collects all the discharges from household plumbing and provides the needed time for wastes to settle or float.The house sewer drain collects all the discharge from home fixtures, such as toilets, sinks, showers and laundry and connects to the septic tank.Septic System ComponentsĪ septic system, also called an onsite wastewater treatment system (OWTS), is made up of a house sewer drain, septic tank, distribution box and soil absorption (leach) field. This guide briefly describes septic system components and how they should be maintained. However, even the best designed and installed septic system will eventually fail without periodic maintenance. All Health Care Professionals & Patient SafetyĪ septic system will serve a home for a long time if it is properly located, designed, constructed and maintained.Clinical Guidelines, Standards & Quality of Care.Health & Safety in the Home, Workplace & Outdoors.Birth, Death, Marriage & Divorce Records.